COP30 
14 November 2025, h. 11:30 AM – 1:00 PM (local time in Belém) | Belém, Brasil – Italian Pavilion

The accurate measurement and transparent reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are the foundation of effective climate action. Reliable and science-based data are essential not only for designing, implementing, and evaluating climate policies, but also for building trust and accountability under the Paris Agreement.

In the international context of COP30 in Belém, the side event “What you can’t measure, you can’t manage: Improving GHG estimation for informed climate policy”, organized by the CMCC Foundation, the Joint Research Centre (JRC), and the University of Urbino Carlo Bo, will take place on 14 November at the Italian Pavilion.

Starting with an overview of global decarbonization efforts, drawing on the 2025 Global Carbon Budget and the latest Biennial Transparency Reports submitted under the Paris Agreement, the event will explore the complexities of estimating emissions across key sectors, with a particular focus on land use and energy, and the role of independent scientific verification in strengthening national GHG inventories.

The session will also highlight European initiatives that are advancing transparent and credible GHG accounting. Featured are the EU Horizon projects AVENGERS, PARIS, and EYE-CLIMA, which work to reconcile observation-based models with national inventory reports’ estimates and reduce emissions uncertainty.

Finally, the event will address the capacity-building needs and challenges countries face in meeting the requirements of the Enhanced Transparency Framework, as well as the support that the global scientific community can provide. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems to inform effective policy pathways and support the global net-zero goal.

Agenda:

Introduction
Anna Pirani, CMCC Foundation

Presentations

The Global Carbon Budget 2025
Thais Rosan, University of Exeter

Overview of Biennial Transparency Reports under the Paris Agreement
Ruta Bubniene, UNFCCC

Bridging the gaps between science and policy: examples from land use
Giacomo Grassi, EC–Joint Research Centre and IPCC TFI Bureau

The AVENGERS project: Reconciliation of observation-based and bottom-up approaches for national inventory reports
Marko Scholze, Lund University

Results from the PARIS project: a focus on Italy
Michela Maione, University of Urbino Carlo Bo

EYE-CLIMA: Verifying emissions of climate forcers using atmospheric observations
Mélanie Juillard, Citepa

Discussion

Moderator: Anna Pirani, CMCC Foundation

This event is one of the several CMCC contributions to COP 30, the 30th edition of the Conference of the Parties (COP) organized by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

COP 30 is a major United Nations climate conference that brings together world leaders, non-governmental organizations, and experts to negotiate and advance global actions to address climate change.  The conference will focus on implementing international climate agreements and promoting sustainable development through priority actions to tackle the climate crisis.