Delivering validated climate services for resilient European Sea on a decadal to multi-decadal horizon is a challenge. RIVIERADE brings together the scientific communities geared into CORDEX and the Copernicus Marine Service and capitalizes on their unique scientific experience to develop and implement a pre-operational and replicable multi-model framework and protocols to produce, downscale, assess and deliver state-of-the-art decadal predictions and multi-decadal projections of climate change and related impacts on marine ecosystems, covering the basin scale and the coastal areas, up to, and including, development and demonstration of climate services. RIVIERADE will target three European Seas (Baltic, Black, Mediterranean), to produce data and information for ocean health, sustainable blue economy, and coastal climate risks, down streaming the data flow from climate ensembles to coastal areas at different spatial resolutions and for selected areas, in a circular process based on users and stakeholders engagement, co-design and assessment of innovative climate services.

---

Rome Climate Change Adaptation: Monitoraggio e Strumenti per l’Adattamento is a technical-scientific collaboration initiative between the CMCC Foundation and Roma Capitale, aimed at co-developing research tools to support the Comune di Roma in tackling the challenge of climate change adaptation. In line with the recent Adaptation Strategy (https://www.comune.roma.it/web-resources/cms/documents/Strategia-adattamento-climatico.pdf) approved by the Comune di Roma in January 2025, these tools will transform heterogeneous meteorological and climate data into clear, accessible, and useful information for various stakeholders. The results will provide a solid and reliable foundation for planning future climate adaptation interventions by the Comune di Roma and other involved entities.

---

Safeguarding from Acidification: Feedbacks and Ecosystem Services for European and global Action (SAFESEA) is a four-year project designed to co-develop science-based, stakeholder-driven responses to the growing threat of ocean acidification. SAFESEA will deliver decision-support tools, indicators, and narratives to inform governance and climate adaptation across national, regional, and global scales. The project focuses on three levels of impact: (i) the global scale, supporting the UNFCCC, IPCC, SDGs, and Planetary Boundaries framework; (ii) the regional scale, aligning with European Green Deal objectives and implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, OSPAR, HELCOM and the Barcelona Convention; and (iii) the national scale, with case studies in Norway, Chile, and the French-Mediterranean to support local government, industries, and communities. SAFESEA will advance knowledge on ocean acidification through coordinated observational strategies, process studies, and integrated modelling. It will reduce key uncertainties in ocean carbon uptake, trends, and variability from the surface to the ocean interior, with emphasis on the Arctic, Southern Ocean, and other under-observed regions. The project will investigate ocean acidification in the context of other stressors (e.g., warming and deoxygenation), assess impacts on ecosystems and services, and develop relevant indicators, thresholds, and governance frameworks. Through six interconnected work packages, SAFESEA will link science, society, and policy. It will strengthen data infrastructures and FAIR compliance, build capacity through co-creation and training, and ensure long-term impact through targeted dissemination, exploitation, and strategic alignment with EU and international initiatives. SAFESEA will provide the robust, stakeholder-aligned knowledge and tools needed to manage and adapt to ocean

---

An international collaborative project to better understand the impact of amplified warming in polar regions, through the development of a new sea ice modelling paradigm. Through SASIP, the Scale-Aware Sea Ice Project, we propose to develop a truly innovative, scale-aware continuum sea ice model for climate research; one that faithfully represents sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics and that is physically sound, data-adaptive, highly parallelized and computationally efficient. SASIP will exploit large datasets from both granular process models and remote sensing to constrain sea ice properties and optimize continuum model parameters, jointly using data assimilation and machine learning methods. Coupling this multi-scale modeling framework to an ocean mixed-layer model, we will open up a new regime for polar oceanography via an examination of currently unresolved or poorly understood ice–ocean interactions across physical scales. In this systematic merger of models, observations, and numerical techniques, SASIP will reform sea ice modeling, a crucial leap needed to improve regional and larger-scale predictions of polar climate. Through the further development of neXtSIM and the MEB rheological framework, SASIP will build a data-constrained model that is rigorously based on sea ice solid-like physics. This model will allow improved high resolution and large- scale predictions of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice, and the propagation of sea ice related climate feedbacks. Employing hybrid data assimilation and machine learning approaches as a native part of the model architecture will allow for objective combinations of model and data. Ultimately, SASIP will lead to reduced uncertainties related to the impact of

---

The SCEWERO project will be developed by a consortium of 5 organizations from 4 countries: Babeș-Bolyai University (UBB), a research institution located in Romania as a widening country and acting as coordinator, three top-class leading partners, Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo Sui Cambiamenti Climatici (IT), Universiteit Antwerpen (BE), and Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen (DE), and a private partner (SME), Indeco Soft (RO) aiming to improve the excellence capacity in research, to raise the scientific reputation, research profile and attractiveness through networking, and strengthening research management capacity and administrative skills of the UBB team.

---

SPACE IT UP è un programma che mira a potenziare la tecnologia spaziale italiana da utilizzare per l’esplorazione e lo sfruttamento dello spazio a beneficio del pianeta Terra e dell’intera umanità. Un partenariato di progetto esteso favorirà le sinergie tra accademia, industria e centri di ricerca per avere un forte impatto sul settore spaziale italiano e perseguire i seguenti obiettivi principali: -Promuovere l’innovazione ed estendere le conoscenze fondamentali; -Promuovere un futuro sostenibile; -Assicurare la permanenza umana a lungo termine nello spazio extraterrestre; -Rafforzare l’“Ecosistema” spaziale in Italia.

---

CMCC supports the Campania Region in designing and implementing its Regional Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, providing a solid and actionable knowledge base to address the challenges posed by climate change. Through an innovative and participatory approach, the project aims to develop tools and analyses that enable effective adaptation processes at both regional and local scales. At the heart of the initiative lies the creation of a high-resolution Regional Climate Framework, developed through climate hazard profiling co-designed to align with local priorities. This work integrates the analysis of long-term observed data series, future climate projections, and comprehensive uncertainty assessments, supporting the definition of robust, evidence-based adaptation strategies. The analyses and tools produced will be made available to the community via the Dataclime platform, fostering widespread use and raising awareness among citizens, institutions, and stakeholders. Furthermore, CMCC will actively support regional experts within the Working Group (GdL) tasked with developing the “Regional Climate Risk Analysis.” This initiative will focus on identifying and understanding potential impacts within the planning area under various climate scenarios and identified vulnerabilities. Finally, CMCC will provide technical and scientific support for communication and awareness-raising activities, promoting inclusive stakeholder engagement through protocols successfully implemented in previous and ongoing European projects (e.g., Adaptation Agora).

---

SystR will propose a groundbreaking approach to feed the science-policy nexus with innovative solutions to address systemic risks (interconnection between multiple sectors and stakeholders and resulting cascading climate impacts). This approach will accelerate transformative adaptation and avoid maladaptation by breaking silos, harmonising multiple scales of governance and tailoring solutions to local needs and strengths with Smart Specialisation Strategies. Overall, while pursuing close collaboration with the Climate Adaptation Mission, SystR will demonstrate systemic resilience in three contexts most representative of Europe: coastal in Guadeloupe-France, rural in Bystrica-Slovakia and urban in Rome-Italy, which will be twinned with replication sites of similar challenges, Galicia, Strasbourg and Egaleo, respectively.

---

The THRAC3E project is structured around nine interlinked Tasks designed to deliver a comprehensive, regionally disaggregated carbon cycle assessment framework. The scientific approach integrates novel Earth observation (EO) dataset development, process-based and data-driven modelling, benchmarking, and low-latency carbon monitoring across three key regions: Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia.

---

THRIVE aims to deliver a systemic step change in citizen science for biodiversity and ecosystem observation across Europe. By harmonising tools, data flows and methodologies, building capacity and engaging diverse communities, THRIVE moves beyond fragmented efforts toward a coordinated, scalable and policy-relevant monitoring system. The project embeds citizen science data into governance frameworks, empowering citizens and strengthening evidence-based decision-making to tackle biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation and climate change. At its core, THRIVE integrates nature connectedness as a unifying principle, fostering trust, collaboration, and shared responsibility among stakeholders. Ultimately, it transforms diverse actors into active stewards of nature, united by collective values and a common commitment to safeguarding Europe’s natural heritage.

---

TiCCA4Danu proposes a novel and comprehensive transformative innovation framework to accelerate just climate change adaptation (CCA) at the level of cities and their surrounding administrative regions. In order to address the structural barriers for CCA implementation at the city-region level, TiCCA4Danu proposes a systems-level approach, which requires effective governance changes, introduction of directionality, and a different use of policy instruments favouring discovery and experimentation processes. TiCCA4Danu directly relates to the EU Cities- and Adaptation Mission frameworks and builds on the emerging literature discussing the opportunities and limitations to governing socio-technical change for addressing grand challenges, such as climate change, through novel transformative approaches. At the core of TiCCA4Danu’s methodological approach lies the concept of place-based “Transformative Innovation Policy” (TIP), which postulates a systems-level change perspective in innovation policy. TiCCA4Danu aims at applying the theoretical TIP concept to the city-region level by linking TIP to “Local Green Deals” (LGD), an established instrument for sustainable transformation at the city level, and by complementing the LGDs with a novel approach for transformative CCA at the level of regions. With TIP facilitating wider and inclusive societal transformation, TiCCA4Danu features stronger involvement of vulnerable groups as well as stronger private sector involvement. TiCCA4Danu focussing its activities on four “Anchor Cities” and their surrounding regions in the Danube Macro Region, all constituting different bio-geographical regions, i.e. Coastal, Mountain and Continental. By establishing a direct link to the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) and by working with the relevant Priority Area Working Groups, TiCCA4Danu will

---

TRANSEATION is a project funded by HORIZON Europe aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of marine and coastal hybrid blue-grey infrastructures and validate a new level of Ecosystem-based Management (EBM) combining Nature-based Solutions (NbS), and social implication digitalization to protect and restore marine ecosystem health and services.

---

UNDERPIN is a project funded by HORIZON Europe Research and Innovation actions in support of the implementation of the Adaptation to Climate Change Mission (HORIZON-MISS-2022-CLIMA-01). UNDERPIN addresses critical gaps in monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) for climate adaptation across Europe. UNDERPIN is going to review existing climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction (DRR) indicators and integrate novel data sources, including Earth observation and citizen science. As well as, involving stakeholders in three pilot regions to cocreate and refine the framework, ensuring practical relevance and adaptability. A user-friendly dashboard with AI and machine learning tools will provide real-time analysis at the EU and regional level, helping decision-makers track progress, identify gaps, and make data-driven decisions. A citizen science and just climate resilience lens is used throughout the different activities of UNDERPIN. By aligning with EU and global reporting standards, such as the EU Adaptation Strategy and the UNFCCC, UNDERPIN is going to harmonize climate adaptation monitoring across governance levels, fostering a coordinated approach to resilience-building in Europe.

---

Geopolitical and socio-economic uncertainties are putting the European and Global energy transitions at stake. These deep uncertainties affect the analytical assessments underpinning energy and climate policies. For example, the models used to inform energy planning rely on uncertain forecasts and assumptions for future energy demands, macroeconomic indicators, social acceptance, fuel prices, technology costs, and climate scenarios. Due to fundamental methodological, computational, and data challenges, this uncertainty is at best rarely considered in energy planning, which increases the risk of failing to meet our urgent climate targets. This makes accounting for uncertainty one of the major unsolved problems in energy planning. UNITES addresses these limitations to enable a new paradigm for long-term energy planning. In contrast to current approaches, which try to accurately predict the future, UNITES’ ambition is a systematic integration of uncertainty in energy-climate models.

---

UPTAKE aims to facilitate the sustainable upscaling of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods by developing a set of robust strategies through technical, theoretical, and practical analysis accompanied by interactive dialogue within a CDR stakeholder forum. As a result, UPTAKE will develop a harmonised, comprehensive, inclusive, integrated, and transparent CDR knowledge inventory to evaluate a wide range of CDR technologies and methods, quantifying their national, European, and global costs, effectiveness, and removal potential as well as risks, constraints, and side-effects at different scales, and their prospects of technological progress. The UPTAKE approach will allow the assessment of geographical, sectoral, socioeconomic, demographic, and temporal trade-offs, co-benefits, and opportunities emerging from portfolios of different CDR methods. The enhanced socio-technical understanding of CDR methods will feed into an ensemble of state-of-the-art integrated assessment models (IAMs), which will help improve the integration of CDR methods given the EU policy objectives set for 2030, 2050, and beyond climate neutrality. UPTAKE will assess CDR governance and policy frameworks considering social acceptance, accountability, monitoring, and regulations for sustainable CDR rollout at scale. As a result, UPTAKE will generate an open and interactive CDR roadmap explorer to investigate strategies that are resilient to risks of failure and disruption, and minimise adverse impacts on society, economy, and the environment, aiming for a just, inclusive, and sustainable transition.

---

The project will build the WeatherGenerator – the world’s best generative Foundation Model of the Earth system – that will serve as a new Digital Twin for Destination Earth. The WeatherGenerator will be based on representation learning and create a general and versatile tool that models the dynamics of the Earth system based on a large variety of Earth system data. The WeatherGenerator will be task-independent and will improve results for a wide range of machine learning applications when compared to task specific machine learning tools. It will also be more resilient for climate applications when the underlying data distributions are changing, and it will lead to a significant reduction in computational costs and faster turnaround times. To achieve this, the project will: (1) Collect and use the most important datasets of Earth system science including data from Digital Twins of Destination Earth, selected observations, analysis and reanalysis datasets, and output of conventional Earth system models. (2) Build the WeatherGenerator as a novel representation learning- based machine learning tool that exploits the full potential of Europe’s largest supercomputers. (3) Engage with the wider community via services and apply the WeatherGenerator for 22 selected applications that can be integrated into the Destination Earth framework. The applications include global and local predictions, local downscaling, data assimilation, model post-processing, and impact applications in the domains of renewable energy, water, health and food. The project consortium that will build the WeatherGenerator consists of experts in machine learning, supercomputing and Earth system sciences, and includes