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COAST-SCAPES: rethinking COASTal landSCAPES with climate-resilient interventions: systemic land-to-sea solutions

Coast-Scapes (rethinking COASTal landSCAPES with climate-resilient interventions: systemic land-to-sea solutions) proposes to rethink land-coast-sea systems under climate change for enhanced resilience and biodiversity gains. We shall co-design systemic resilience solutions for coastal landscapes using transdisciplinary indicators, early and climatic warnings, business models and knowledge-based maintenance to reduce climatic risks and improve land to sea environments. We propose nature-based-solutions (NbS) suited to a broad range of coastal archetypes, governance, climates and resilience deficits, sequenced along resilience-through-adaptation pathways. Such solutions, supported by governance transformation and cross-sectoral engagement, will be applied by regions and communities empowered by an unprecedented combination of technical tools, financial models and social commitment. Coast-Scapes will promote NbS for a climatic resilience compatible with biodiversity gains and existing infrastructure constraints, seeking a reduced environmental footprint under natural resources that are scarce in quantity and quality. Social and technical innovation, associated to a governance shift, will make systemic resilience operational and fill the implementation gap at a pace commensurate with climate change acceleration. The selected Core Pilot regions/communities feature climate sensitive natural/human assets, controlled by land-coast-sea interactions and acting as large-scale demonstrators of scalable resilience plans for replication and export. These plans aggregate Science, Policy, Industry, Society and Environment actors with administrations responsible for local implementation, organised as resilience platforms and linked in a Regions and Communities Board. Resilience solutions will be monitored/maintained/marketed with the project, new standards and business models, for a resilience build up commensurate with unfavourable climate/human stressors.

COMET: Climate Obsertvation and Modelling Expertise Team

The Climate Observation and Modelling Expertise Team (COMET) aims to enhance the use of satellite-derived climate data in ocean and sea ice modelling by integrating high-quality long-term Earth Observation records from ESA’s Climate Change Initiative (CCI) for key Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) such as sea surface temperature and salinity, sea ice, and sea. By applying advanced data assimilation, model calibration, and machine learning techniques, COMET addresses key scientific challenges in climate modelling, particularly in polar regions, and contributes to more accurate and reliable representations of present and future climate conditions. The project strengthens links between the Earth Observation and modelling communities under ESA’s Climate-Space initiative and responds to scientific priorities set by the IPCC, WCRP, and GCOS, focusing on better representation of ocean–ice–atmosphere interactions in climate models. It addresses scientific priorities set by the IPCC, WCRP and GCOS, focusing on better representation of ocean–ice–atmosphere interactions in climate models. By improving the physical consistency, usability, and assimilation of satellite ECVs, COMET helps deliver more reliable climate predictions, particularly for vulnerable regions such as the Arctic.

COMMITTED – Climate pOlicy assessment and Mitigation Modeling to Integrate national and global TransiTion pathways for Environmental-friendly Development

To support the international negotiation process, there must be a good understanding of different outcomes and assumptions between the analytical teams that provide input into the negotiations and/or directly support the development of the low-emission mid-century strategies. In such a situation, negotiators can start from a common understanding of the knowledge base and the associated uncertainties. COMMITTED aims to contribute to both 1) supporting the analytical capacity for national teams to provide analyses of NDCs and long-term mitigation strategies and pathways in Asian countries and 2) creating a robust scientific understanding of the possibilities, sectoral potentials and socioeconomic implications of different countries to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the context of long-term low-emission development strategies and the overall objectives of the Paris Agreement. In the past, model comparison projects and interactions between modelling groups and policymakers have proven to be effective instruments for achieving these goals.

CONCEPTU MARIS – CONservation of CEtaceans and Pelagic sea TUrtles in Med: Managing Actions for their Recovery In Sustainability

The Mediterranean Sea is undergoing severe changes driven by increasing anthropogenic pressures. CEtaceans and Pelagic sea TUrtles (CEPTU hereafter) are among the most important charismatic species in the Mediterranean Sea, and crucial bioindicators of marine health conditions. However, there is a data deficiency for most taxa, which is mainly due to the fact that CEPTU species spend the majority of their life in remote offshore areas that are the most difficult to monitor because of their extent. With their offshore movements, they are exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors, such as maritime traffic causing pollution, underwater noise, disturbance and marine litter exposing the species to a higher risk of entanglement, ingestion or toxicological effects. Entanglement in fishing-related gears also contributes to increased risks linked to the pressure of fishing in pelagic areas.

CONCERTO: Improved CarbOn cycle represeNtation through multi-sCale models and Earth obseRvation for Terrestrial ecOsystems

Terrestrial ecosystems are key to the functioning of the global carbon cycle and play a fundamental role in mitigating climate change. According to the Global Carbon Budget, about 30% of all the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted in the atmosphere is removed by vegetation uptake through photosynthesis and accumulation of biomass (so called CO2 sinks on land). Land use change, nutrient limitations, and extreme events (e.g. droughts, fires and heat waves) may limit this potential to sequester carbon. Identifying processes that might destabilise net land carbon uptake is of paramount importance for understanding and managing the global carbon cycle. CONCERTO aims to improve: the current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle by adding land processes that are not included yet or not fully developed in Land Surface Models (LSMs); the representation of land change, land use and land management maps to improve the accuracy of carbon fluxes and stocks; the description of impacts on the carbon cycle of extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves and fires, using tools such as state-of-the-art land surface models (LSMs) embedded into Earth system models (EMSs); the integration of LSM improvements in offline global simulations (driven by re-analyses) and in coupled ESMs.

ConnectinGEO – Coordinating an Observation Network of Networks EnCompassing saTellite and IN-situ to fill the Gaps in European Observations

ConnectinGEO is a coordination and supporting action with the primary goal is to link existing coordinated Earth Observation networks with science and technology (S&T) communities, the industry sector and the GEOSS and Copernicus stakeholders. The aim is to facilitate a broader and more accessible knowledge base to support the needs of the GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) and their users.

COP21 RIPPLES: Results and Implications for Pathways and Policies for Low Emissions European Societies

The COP21 outcome represents an important new strategic context for EU climate policy, both at the international and at the EU level. The project COP21-RIPPLES aims at providing an analysis of the implications of this new context through an interdisciplinary approach. Such analysis requires a capacity to combine analysis of the adequacy of the outcome of COP21 and the evolution of the international climate regime complex; to analyse NDCs and deeper mitigation pathways; and to assess their socio-economic implications at multiple levels: Member State, EU, and globally.

Copernicus Marine Service – Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (BLK MFC)

Black Sea – Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (BLK MFC) provides regular and systematic information about the physical state of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the Black Sea. The system is based on a numerical ocean model assimilating in-situ and satellite data. BLK MFC gathers expertise in the field of ocean analysis and forecast in the Black Sea, brings together knowledge of the regional Black Sea dynamics, and enhances technical links with other CMEMS components and strong connection with the MED MFC. Moreover, BLK MFC’s objectives include the planning and efficient implementation of system upgrades, product quality, and support to the production of the Ocean State Report (OSR) and Ocean Monitoring Indicators (OMI).

Copernicus Marine Service – Mediterranean Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre (MED MFC)

The Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Center (MED MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Service provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical state for the Mediterranean Sea. MED MFC develops, implements and operationally delivers analysis, forecast as well as reanalysis reconstructions of the essential ocean variables in the Mediterranean Sea. It enables marine policy implementation, supports Blue Growth and scientific innovation. Copernicus Marine Service is an open and free of charge service, compliant with EU regulations such as INSPIRE and the Delegated Regulation on Copernicus data and information policy.

Copernicus Marine Service BS MFC -Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre of the Copernicus Marine Service

Copernicus is the European Union’s Earth observation programme which offers information services that draw from satellite Earth Observation and in-situ (non-space) data and is managed by the European Commission. The Copernicus Marine Service provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical state, variability and dynamics of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the global ocean and the European regional seas. It has been implemented by Mercator Ocean International (MOI) since 2015. It enables marine policy implementation, supports Blue Growth and scientific innovation. Copernicus Marine Service is an open and free of charge service, compliant with EU regulations such as INSPIRE and the Delegated Regulation on Copernicus data and information policy.

Copernicus Marine Service MED MFC – Mediterranean Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Centre of the Copernicus Marine Service

Copernicus is the European Union’s Earth observation programme which offers information services that draw from satellite Earth Observation and in-situ (non-space) data and is managed by the European Commission. The Copernicus Marine Service provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical state, variability and dynamics of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the global ocean and the European regional seas. It has been implemented by Mercator Ocean International (MOI) since 2015. It enables marine policy implementation, supports Blue Growth and scientific innovation. Copernicus Marine Service is an open and free of charge service, compliant with EU regulations such as INSPIRE and the Delegated Regulation on Copernicus data and information policy.

COPERNICUS SERVICES – C3S2_520: Quality Assurance for Datasets in the Climate Data Store

The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) implemented by ECMWF on behalf of the European Union develops and delivers authoritative, quality-assured information about the past, current and future states of the climate in Europe and worldwide. Quality assurance  is a central component of C3S to establish the service as a trusted source of climate information, delivering quality-assured and authoritative service outputs such as datasets and applications that are traceable and reproducible. The EQC function ensures transparency of the service outputs including their quality attributes and builds the basis for a true operationalisation of climate services and the inclusion of climate data into policies and standards. Quality is a key element to build trust between users and providers.

COST Action CA23108. Seasonal-to-decadal climate predictability in the Mediterranean: process understanding and services | MEDUSSE

Climate forecasting has enormous potential influence in different socio-economic sectors, such as agriculture, health, water management, and energy. Actionable climate information is particularly relevant at seasonal-to-decadal timescales, where predictability is linked to slow fluctuations of the system such as those in the ocean, sea-ice and land-surface, thus bridging weather/sub-seasonal predictions (mainly relying on atmospheric initial condition) with future projections (mainly based on atmospheric radiative forcing). Seasonal-to-decadal climate forecasting has progressed considerably in recent years, but prediction skill over the Mediterranean is still limited. Better understanding the drivers of regional climate anomalies as well as exploring untapped sources of predictability constitute a much-needed and timely effort.

CPO – Climate Policy Outreach

The overall objective of the project is to improve policy making concerning GHG mitigation, including a better understanding of the potential impact of a development of a global carbon market.

CREATE – Climate REsponses for the AdriaTic REgion

CREATE is a project funded by the Italy-Croatia Cross-border Cooperation programme. It will analyse and synthesize results achieved in all relevant projects funded by the programme in the  2014-2020 period and provide systematic access to this knowledge to key stakeholders.

CRESCENDO – Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach

CRESCENDO will improve the science based foundation of European Earth System Models (ESM) to produce robust, credible and trustworthy climate projections for the coming century within the framework of the World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP) 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The use knowledge and data produced by an ensemble of ESMs will support the development of effective climate change policies and will contribute to the resilience and competitiveness of European Countries.

CRIceS – Climate relevant interactions and feedbacks: the key role of sea ice and snow in the polar and global climate system

The Arctic and Antarctic regions are experiencing rapid and unprecedented changes due to polar and global climate change, clearly caused by anthropogenic activities. 21st century projections show substantial decrease of sea ice in both Arctic and Antarctic, which are expected to impact people in the Arctic and also society beyond polar regions. CRiceS aims to investigate how rapid sea ice decline is interlinked with physical and chemical changes in the polar oceans and atmosphere, and to fully understand the causes and consequences of this polar transition. CRiceS will quantify the controlling chemical, biogeochemical, and physical interactions within the coupled ocean-ice/snow-atmosphere system through comprehensive analysis of new and emerging in-situ and satellite observations, and will improve numerical descriptions of sea ice dynamics/energy exchange, aerosols, clouds and radiation, biogeochemical exchanges. This improved understanding allows for improved quantification of feedback mechanisms and teleconnections within the Earth system.

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