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Climateurope2 – Supporting and standardizing climate services in Europe and beyond

Climateurope2 aims to develop future equitable and quality-assured climate services to all sectors of society by: a) developing standardisation procedures for climate services; b) Supporting an equitable European climate services community; and c) Enhancing the uptake of quality-assured climate services to support adaptation and mitigation to climate change and variability. The project will identify the support and standardisation needs of climate services, including criteria for certification and labelling, as well as the user-driven criteria needed to support climate action. This information will be used to propose a taxonomy of climate services, suggest community-based good practices and guidelines, and propose standards where possible. A large variety of activities to support the communities involved in European climate services will also be organised.

CLOSER – Closing the Loop: Attribution of Complex Climate Disasters to Climatic and to Policy Changes

CLOSER (Closing the Loop: Attribution of Complex Climate Disasters to Climatic and to Policy Changes) advances the science of attribution and forecasting of climate-related disasters. Climate-related extremes — floods, droughts, heatwaves, wildfires — are becoming more frequent and severe, yet the resulting disasters emerge from complex interactions between climate change and other factors such as land-use change, groundwater depletion, and changes in social vulnerability. Current methods cannot fully disentangle this complexity, leaving governments, emergency responders and communities without the full picture they need to act effectively. A key innovation of CLOSER is the expansion of “event attribution” — the science that quantifies how much climate change has contributed to a specific disaster. Today, attribution science can tell us that climate change made a heatwave more likely or a flood more intense, but it cannot yet tell us how much a policy decision, a land management choice, or a change in social vulnerability contributed to the final damage. CLOSER fills this gap by developing a new Protocol for Expanded Attribution and Forecast that traces the full chain of causes behind a climate disaster — from greenhouse gas emissions to local decisions — and links them to real-world impacts on people, ecosystems and economies, across past, ongoing and future events. Working closely with emergency responders, climate services, and policymakers across six real disaster cases on four continents — including Mediterranean droughts, Caribbean hurricanes, floods in Senegal and harvest failures across multiple continents — the project develops practical tools to help decision-makers better

CLUVA – Climate change and Urban Vulnerability in Africa

The overall objective of this project is to develop methods and knowledge to be applied to African cities to manage climate risks, to reduce vulnerabilities and to improve their coping capacity and resilience towards climate change.

COACCH – CO-designing the Assessment of Climate CHange costs

COACCH (CO-designing the Assessment of Climate CHange costs) is a project funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and carried out by a consortium of 14 European organisations. COACCH will develop an innovative science-practice and integrated approach to co-design and co-deliver an improved downscaled assessment of the risks and costs of climate change in Europe, working with end users from research, business, investment, and policy making communities throughout the project.

COAST-SCAPES: rethinking COASTal landSCAPES with climate-resilient interventions: systemic land-to-sea solutions

Coast-Scapes (rethinking COASTal landSCAPES with climate-resilient interventions: systemic land-to-sea solutions) proposes to rethink land-coast-sea systems under climate change for enhanced resilience and biodiversity gains. We shall co-design systemic resilience solutions for coastal landscapes using transdisciplinary indicators, early and climatic warnings, business models and knowledge-based maintenance to reduce climatic risks and improve land to sea environments. We propose nature-based-solutions (NbS) suited to a broad range of coastal archetypes, governance, climates and resilience deficits, sequenced along resilience-through-adaptation pathways. Such solutions, supported by governance transformation and cross-sectoral engagement, will be applied by regions and communities empowered by an unprecedented combination of technical tools, financial models and social commitment. Coast-Scapes will promote NbS for a climatic resilience compatible with biodiversity gains and existing infrastructure constraints, seeking a reduced environmental footprint under natural resources that are scarce in quantity and quality. Social and technical innovation, associated to a governance shift, will make systemic resilience operational and fill the implementation gap at a pace commensurate with climate change acceleration. The selected Core Pilot regions/communities feature climate sensitive natural/human assets, controlled by land-coast-sea interactions and acting as large-scale demonstrators of scalable resilience plans for replication and export. These plans aggregate Science, Policy, Industry, Society and Environment actors with administrations responsible for local implementation, organised as resilience platforms and linked in a Regions and Communities Board. Resilience solutions will be monitored/maintained/marketed with the project, new standards and business models, for a resilience build up commensurate with unfavourable climate/human stressors.

CONCERTO: Improved CarbOn cycle represeNtation through multi-sCale models and Earth obseRvation for Terrestrial ecOsystems

Terrestrial ecosystems are key to the functioning of the global carbon cycle and play a fundamental role in mitigating climate change. According to the Global Carbon Budget, about 30% of all the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted in the atmosphere is removed by vegetation uptake through photosynthesis and accumulation of biomass (so called CO2 sinks on land). Land use change, nutrient limitations, and extreme events (e.g. droughts, fires and heat waves) may limit this potential to sequester carbon. Identifying processes that might destabilise net land carbon uptake is of paramount importance for understanding and managing the global carbon cycle. CONCERTO aims to improve: the current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle by adding land processes that are not included yet or not fully developed in Land Surface Models (LSMs); the representation of land change, land use and land management maps to improve the accuracy of carbon fluxes and stocks; the description of impacts on the carbon cycle of extreme events such as droughts, heatwaves and fires, using tools such as state-of-the-art land surface models (LSMs) embedded into Earth system models (EMSs); the integration of LSM improvements in offline global simulations (driven by re-analyses) and in coupled ESMs.

ConnectinGEO – Coordinating an Observation Network of Networks EnCompassing saTellite and IN-situ to fill the Gaps in European Observations

ConnectinGEO is a coordination and supporting action with the primary goal is to link existing coordinated Earth Observation networks with science and technology (S&T) communities, the industry sector and the GEOSS and Copernicus stakeholders. The aim is to facilitate a broader and more accessible knowledge base to support the needs of the GEO Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs) and their users.

CRESCENDO – Coordinated Research in Earth Systems and Climate: Experiments, kNowledge, Dissemination and Outreach

CRESCENDO will improve the science based foundation of European Earth System Models (ESM) to produce robust, credible and trustworthy climate projections for the coming century within the framework of the World Climate Research Program’s (WCRP) 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The use knowledge and data produced by an ensemble of ESMs will support the development of effective climate change policies and will contribute to the resilience and competitiveness of European Countries.

DesirMED: Demonstration and mainstrEaming of nature-based Solutions for climate Resilient transformation in the MEDiterranean

DesirMED is a project funded by HORIZON Europe Research and Innovation actions in support of the implementation of the Adaptation to Climate Change Mission (HORIZON-MISS-2022-CLIMA-01). DesirMED aims at increasing ambition, ownership and capability of regional Mediterranean leaders and communities through proven transformative climate change adaptation approaches prioritizing nature based solutions. To this aim DesirMED involves a multi-level set of actors in 5 Demonstrating regions and 3 Replicating Regions working hand-in-hand with scientific partners to foster holistic approaches to implement transformative adaptation. By engaging at the regional level key institutions in a multi-level governance framework, it will act as a catalyzer to trigger and accelerate the necessary actions to increase regional climate resilience over the long run.

DRYAD: Demonstration and modelling of nbs to enhance the resilience of mediterranean agro-silvopastoral ecosystems and landscapes

Mediterranean agrosilvopastoral ecosystems (MAEs), such as Dehesa in Spain, Montado in Portugal, Meriagos in Italy, &; Valonian oak forests in Greece, provide essential environmental services and influence significantly local communities and their economies. MAEs are expected to be severely affected by climate impacts and extreme conditions such as droughts, high tree mortality and wildfires. Addressing these challenges, requires supporting local communities and authorities with local solutions and transformations towards climate-resilience. The proposal will be centered around development, testing and demonstrating NBSs in 5 demonstration regions including Andalusia and Extremadura (ES), Alentejo (PT), Sardinia (IT) and Aetoloakarnania (EL) (5 in Cohesion Fund Regions). The most promising NBSs will be transferred to these 3 replicating regions: Castilla-y-León (ES), Occitanie (FR) and Tuscany (IT). Furthermore, DRYAD will support a multi-level and cross- sectoral integrated and adaptive management governance via development of Decision Support Systems.

EarthGenerator a foundation model for Earth system modelling

EarthGenerator will deliver a foundation model of the Earth system, extending the WeatherGenerator model by integrating atmosphere, ocean, and land in a single, physically consistent model. By adopting a generative AI approach, EarthGenerator will provide a general-purpose capability adaptable to multiple downstream tasks from seasonal forecasting to multi-annual climate projections with minimal additional training.

EC2 – The Europe-China Clean Energy Center

The specific objective of the project is to promote an increased use of clean energy in China, through the establishment of a Europe-China Clean Energy Center, for providing support to Chinese policy makers and to other energy sector key players, both Chinese and European.

ECOMPASS: Systemic Decision-support for Ecosystem Restoration Pathways – Integrated Framework for Socio-economic Valuation, Policy Guidance and Biophysical Trade-offs

The EU faces a critical implementation gap between the ambitions of the Nature Restoration Regulation (NRR) and the capacity to act at scale. This gap stems from three systemic barriers: the difficulty of scaling highly localised restoration successes, fragmented and inaccessible decision-making tools, and the chronic undervaluation of ecosystems’ socio-economic benefits. ECOMPASS addresses these challenges with a co-created, web-based Decision Support System (DSS) that translates nature’s multidimensional value into clear, investable opportunities. It introduces Nature Restoration Pathways as a shared language for policy, finance and practice, and Landscape Archetypes for Nature Restoration (LANR) as a novel approach to scaling, turning lessons from local cases into replicable, continent-wide strategies. The project grounds its innovations in six diverse Use Cases: restoring tidal saltmarshes in Cantabria (Spain), rethinking post-Xylella agroforestry in Salento (Italy), transforming climate-stressed spruce forests in Germany, regenerating semi-arid drylands in southern Spain, restoring the natural hydrology of drained wet forests in Estonia, and implementing regenerative rice production coupled with ecosystem resilience in the Ebro Delta (Spain). Together, these cases cover estuarine, agricultural, forest, dryland and wetland ecosystems under high socio-ecological pressure, representing different and heterogeneous targets of NRR articles 4-6, 9-12 and 13. By integrating biophysical modelling with socio-economic valuation, including non-monetary benefits, ECOMPASS acts as a catalyst for aligning Europe’s policies, finance and visions towards ecological recovery. By making the true value of nature understandable, visible and investable, ECOMPASS provides an essential framework to help turn the NRR into a reality for a sustainable future and prosperity for all.

ECONATURES: ECOnomic impacts of NATUre REStoration

ECONATURES is a Horizon Europe research project coordinated by CMCC and involving 8 additional partner institutions across Europe. The project aims to develop Europe’s most comprehensive modeling framework for assessing the socio-economic impacts of nature restoration over short, medium, and long terms. It integrates economic, ecological, environmental, and social methodologies into a unified assessment system that captures restoration benefits, costs, and distributional impacts from EU to local scales, directly supporting the EU Nature Restoration Regulation and the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.

EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

The EFFICIENT BUILDINGS project, as its predecessor MEDNICE, supports the Efficient Buildings Community established within the Interreg Mediterranean programme framework. The community brings together local and national public authorities, energy agencies, enterprises and research organizations to exchanges methodologies, experiences and tools on energy efficiency in the public buildings of the Mediterranean region.

EFLIP – Economic impacts of flood risk in Lombardy and innovative risk mitigation policy

Lombardy, Italy’s economic engine, is particularly vulnerable to flood hazard risk, the consequences of which are likely to affect the national growth and stability. EFLIP will contribute to a better appreciation of indirect and induced effects of flood risk on economic growth and social cohesion by analyzing micro- and macro-economic consequences of flood risk in Lombardy.

EO4EU – AI-augmented ecosystem for Earth Observation data accessibility with Extended reality User Interfaces for Service and data exploitation

A vast amount of Earth Observation data is produced daily and made available through online services and repositories. Contemporary and historical data can be retrieved and used to power existing applications, to foster innovation and finally improve the EU citizens’ lives. However, an undersized audience follows this activity, leaving huge volumes of valuable information unexploited. EO4EU aims to provide innovative tools, methodologies and approaches that would assist a wide spectrum of users, from domain experts and professionals to simple citizens to benefit from EO data. EO4EU strives to deliver dynamic data mapping and labelling based on AI adding FAIRness to the system and data. EO4EU introduces an ecosystem for holistic management of EO data, bridging the gap among domain experts and end users, bringing in the foreground technological advances to address the market straightness towards a wider usage of EO data. EO4EU envisages to boost the Earth Observation data market, providing a digestible data information modeling for a wide range of EO data, through dynamic data annotation and a state-of-the-art serverless processing by leveraging important European Cloud & HPC infrastructures.

EO4MULTIHA: High-Impact Multi-Hazards Science

The EO4MULTIHA project is a European Space Agency funded project aiming to explore the potential of Earth observation technology to advance the scientific understanding of high impact multi-hazard events. The project will focus on several compound and cascading hazards, in order to better identify, characterize and assess their associated risk, vulnerability and impacts on society and ecosystems.

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