Regional ocean Zooms for Extremes and impacts at Global and local scales (RaZorEGe) will develop and implement Earth System Models (ESMs) capable of robustly representing regional aspects of climate while remaining affordable for efficient global multi-centennial simulation. Projections of regional climate variability, change and extremes remain challenging to simulate with ESMs for a variety of reasons, including local process representation, errors in remote teleconnections and the inherently greater variability of regional climate requiring larger ensembles. For Europe, the representation of the Gulf Stream, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Mediterranean are all key uncertainties for future change, while other ocean boundary currents (the Kuroshio in the Pacific and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Ocean) are key for East Asian and South Africa respectively. We propose to achieve this improvement through targeted developments in ocean and sea-ice models, based on understanding the relationships between regional climate indices and ocean/sea-ice model biases. We will use a range of techniques, including regional changes in horizontal and vertical resolution, as well as new parameterisations. One key aspect of the targeted nature of the developments will be to keep the model efficient enough to be affordable with Earth System complexity included, hence trying to bring together improved physical and biogeochemical processes. Once demonstrated, these enhancements will be implemented in ESMs and simulations performed that will contribute to the next Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7) and next IPCC. The limited cost increase, and targeted process improvements will mean that these enhancements should also

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Climate change is a global challenge that severely impacts cultural heritage, nevertheless, cultural heritage can provide responses to and help limit the effects of climate change on society. The Partnership for Resilient Cultural Heritage will strengthen research on cultural heritage to develop and promote, through dissemination and capacity building activities, innovative solutions, assessment systems, adaptation and mitigation strategies and risk management models, for transmitting cultural heritage to future generations with the aim of making Europe more resilient and climate neutral.

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The RE-CONNECT project is dedicated to assisting the 196 Parties committed to the 2015 Paris Agreement, established under the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change, in meeting their climate change obligations.

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The RECIPE project highlights crucial strategic options for Europe’s climate and energy policy at two different scales. Firstly, it informs the relevant stakeholders about the most important barriers to implementation in the European power and heat, industry, transport and agriculture sectors. Secondly, it highlights Europe’s main strategic options in the international arena.

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RENOVATE is an innovative experimental project whose primary objective is the restoration of marine ecosystem functions and services impacted by coastal anthropogenic activities and climate change. The project focuses on the priority habitat 1120* (Posidonia oceanica meadows), on key biocoenoses of habitat 1170 and on two species of high naturalistic and ecological relevance: Corallium rubrum and Pinna nobilis. RENOVATE represents the most ambitious marine habitat restoration initiative undertaken in Italy and likely in Europe. It encompasses a series of interventions based on an innovative, holistic approach aimed at achieving the recovery of habitat and species functionality in the medium-long term scale, within a ten-year timeframe. A central element of the project is the establishment of an advanced observing and modeling system, operational at regional and coastal scales. This system integrates traditional monitoring with innovative technologies such as autonomous underwater vehicles, fixed stations, sensors, citizen science initiatives and remote sensing. The implemented network enables the development of a “Digital Twin of the Ocean” prototype capable of: – guiding the planning of restoration interventions and conservation actions; – building Early Warning Systems for extreme events and climatic and anthropogenic pressures; – supporting the selection of solutions and enabling robust, long-term monitoring of ecosystem service recovery. RENOVATE is set to represent the state of the art in terms of scientific and technological innovation, placing the application of the most modern scientific criteria used internationally at its core—with particular emphasis on the ecosystem approach and Nature-Based Solutions.

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The RESCUE project will improve knowledge and understanding on the “Climate and Earth System responses to climate neutrality and net negative emissions”, by pursuing two overall objectives: 1) Quantify the climate and Earth system responses to pathways achieving climate neutrality by Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) deployment with and without temperature overshoot, and 2) Assess the potential role of CDR in reducing net GHG emissions, as well as its potential environmental risks and co-benefits.

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Data and AI are the fuel of scientific discoveries, and Research Infrastructures (RIs) are at the forefront of this process, generating massive and increasingly more complex datasets. However, the growing size, diversity, and velocity of research data and software demand large-scale infrastructures and technical expertise from those on the user side. RI-SCALE will address this challenge by delivering Data Exploitation Platforms (DEPs). These scalable environments will co-host scientific data with preconfigured AI frameworks and models on powerful compute resources and unlock full data and AI potential for scientific users, RI operators and industry. RI-SCALE will design and develop the DEP technology with four RIs: ENES, EISCAT, BBMRI and Euro-BioImaging. DEP instances will be deployed for environmental and life sciences, validating the technology through 8 scientific and 4 technical use cases. These will run on national e-infrastructures from the EGI Federation and (pre)exascale machines from EuroHPC. RI-SCALE will collaborate with Destination Earth, EUCAIM cancer images data space, Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, EOSC and Gaia-X to ensure interoperability within the broader landscape. The project will also facilitate industry and university collaborations, provide training and consultancy events to increase the uptake of AI technologies by additional RIs and explore sustainable DEP operation models for RI communities.

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The project RISES-AM addresses the economy-wide impacts of coastal systems to various types of high-end climatic scenarios (including marine and riverine variables).

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The Risk4Insurance-CC project aims to co-develop, test, and validate operational tools for assessing risk relevant to the insurance sector in the context of climate change.

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Delivering validated climate services for resilient European Sea on a decadal to multi-decadal horizon is a challenge. RIVIERADE brings together the scientific communities geared into CORDEX and the Copernicus Marine Service and capitalizes on their unique scientific experience to develop and implement a pre-operational and replicable multi-model framework and protocols to produce, downscale, assess and deliver state-of-the-art decadal predictions and multi-decadal projections of climate change and related impacts on marine ecosystems, covering the basin scale and the coastal areas, up to, and including, development and demonstration of climate services. RIVIERADE will target three European Seas (Baltic, Black, Mediterranean), to produce data and information for ocean health, sustainable blue economy, and coastal climate risks, down streaming the data flow from climate ensembles to coastal areas at different spatial resolutions and for selected areas, in a circular process based on users and stakeholders engagement, co-design and assessment of innovative climate services.

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Rome Climate Change Adaptation: Monitoraggio e Strumenti per l’Adattamento is a technical-scientific collaboration initiative between the CMCC Foundation and Roma Capitale, aimed at co-developing research tools to support the Comune di Roma in tackling the challenge of climate change adaptation. In line with the recent Adaptation Strategy (https://www.comune.roma.it/web-resources/cms/documents/Strategia-adattamento-climatico.pdf) approved by the Comune di Roma in January 2025, these tools will transform heterogeneous meteorological and climate data into clear, accessible, and useful information for various stakeholders. The results will provide a solid and reliable foundation for planning future climate adaptation interventions by the Comune di Roma and other involved entities.

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The RoSE project bring together leading energy-economy researchers from Europe and the US to perform a coordinated, model-based analysis in order to reach robust conclusions about the economics of climate policy.

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The project will develop instruments for the evaluation and management of the risks caused by local, regional and European landslides in order to mitigate the damages and evaluate the areas with more risk by considering the ongoing climate change.

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