The Ocean plays a crucial role in the global C cycle, taking up approximately 25% of the CO2 we emit to the atmosphere, and thus slowing the rate of climate change. The future trajectory of this sink will affect the timing and intensity of the modifications to human processes that we need to undertake in order to stabilise atmospheric CO2 at 450ppm. Our ability to measure and model this sink is limited (evidenced by significant discrepancies between measured and modelled C uptake) with the current frontier area of research being a suite of biological processes related to higher trophic level behaviour within the so called biological C pump. This involvement of higher organisms suggests that human activities (fishing, energy and mineral extraction) has the capacity to affect the ocean C sink however we lack the ability to quantitatively link direct human pressures and ocean C storage. Ocean ICU will measure these key processes and evaluate their overall significance, transferring those that are important into models that inform the IPCC process and in this way contribute to resolving the observed model data mismatch of Ocean C sink estimates. We will use the fundamental knowledge we acquire around biological systems to evaluate the ability of human interventions in the ocean to alter the carbon cycle and produce management tools that allow the tension between resource extraction and C storage to be addressed. This component will involve extensive dialogue with end users and stakeholders and lead to a Decision Support Tool that will

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The overarching goal of the OFIDIA Plus proposal is to enhance understanding of knowledge, accessibility, and facilitation gaps that hinder the widespread adoption of sustainable fire prevention actions in the cross-border area. The project aims to develop and demonstrate innovative tools and solutions to support policymakers and all actors in the firefighting system, promoting behaviors that prioritize prevention and ecosystem protection. The project actions target the Italian regions of Puglia, Calabria, Basilicata (Matera province only), and the Greek region of Epirus, aiming to enhance environmental resilience and quality of life.

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This contract will develop improved algorithms to produce long term ocean reanalyses in the presence of varying observational networks. It will be focused on consistency of climate relevant metrics across 2 periods of increasing observational coverage, in the 1950’s and in the 1980s-90s as altimeter observations become available. The role of different atmospheric forcing and riverine inputs will be tested and the ensemble error covariance approaches suitable for both sparse will be developed and more dense observing networks. It will also address the detection of bias in the assimilated results and make recommendations on how best to treat bias under varying observational conditions. Finally new post-processed smoothing methods to more fully use observations and to spread information back to influence more sparsely observed periods will be applied. A set of Recommendations will be made to CMEMS to aid in the production of a climate- consistent long period ocean reanalysis in the final report.

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This project will build a bridge between the science community where most of the climate-information is generated and the stakeholders community that has to introduce these data in the decision making process and policy.

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A training project focused on teaching activities, practical exercises and  operational experiences on the knowledge, competences and applications relevant with TESSA research project.

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This work refers to the tasks related to the preparation of the Buna/Bojana Transboundary Integrated Management Plan (i.e. IMP). IMP will be prepared so as to be in accordance to requirements of WFD and ICZM Protocol, related to preparation of IWRM and ICZM Plans.

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The overall scientific objectives of PERSEUS are to identify the interacting patterns of natural and human-derived pressures on the Mediterranean and Black Seas (Southern European Seas, SES), assess their impact on marine ecosystems and, using the objectives and principles of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive as a vehicle, to design an effective and innovative research governance framework based on sound scientific knowledge.

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PHAROS is an EU-funded project, led by the Canary Islands Ocean Platform (PLOCAN), and implemented by a consortium of 24 organizations, which aims to provide nature-based solutions for restoring ecosystems and biodiversity while tackling climate change and human impacts in the Atlantic and Arctic maritime regions. These goals align with the European Union’s ambitious Ocean Mission objectives. The PHAROS project aligns with the European Union’s Ocean Mission by focusing on protecting and restoring marine ecosystems and biodiversity, eliminating pollution, and achieving a sustainable, carbon-neutral, and circular blue economy by 2030.

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Due to the lack of long continuous climate proxy records, the role of Antarctica in the Plio-Pleistocene climate cooling over the last 5 Ma is still unclear and has been poorly investigated. This project proposes to combine data and numerical modeling approaches of different complexity to improve our knowledge of Southern Hemisphere high and low latitudes climate teleconnections and their influence on Northern Hemisphere climate processes. Investigating the interplay between Southern Hemisphere high- and low-latitudes climate is indeed of high importance to understand the future evolution of our present climate, especially in case of partial melting of Antarctica.

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Regional ocean Zooms for Extremes and impacts at Global and local scales (RaZorEGe) will develop and implement Earth System Models (ESMs) capable of robustly representing regional aspects of climate while remaining affordable for efficient global multi-centennial simulation. Projections of regional climate variability, change and extremes remain challenging to simulate with ESMs for a variety of reasons, including local process representation, errors in remote teleconnections and the inherently greater variability of regional climate requiring larger ensembles. For Europe, the representation of the Gulf Stream, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Mediterranean are all key uncertainties for future change, while other ocean boundary currents (the Kuroshio in the Pacific and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Ocean) are key for East Asian and South Africa respectively. We propose to achieve this improvement through targeted developments in ocean and sea-ice models, based on understanding the relationships between regional climate indices and ocean/sea-ice model biases. We will use a range of techniques, including regional changes in horizontal and vertical resolution, as well as new parameterisations. One key aspect of the targeted nature of the developments will be to keep the model efficient enough to be affordable with Earth System complexity included, hence trying to bring together improved physical and biogeochemical processes. Once demonstrated, these enhancements will be implemented in ESMs and simulations performed that will contribute to the next Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP7) and next IPCC. The limited cost increase, and targeted process improvements will mean that these enhancements should also

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The RESCUE project will improve knowledge and understanding on the “Climate and Earth System responses to climate neutrality and net negative emissions”, by pursuing two overall objectives: 1) Quantify the climate and Earth system responses to pathways achieving climate neutrality by Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) deployment with and without temperature overshoot, and 2) Assess the potential role of CDR in reducing net GHG emissions, as well as its potential environmental risks and co-benefits.

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The project RISES-AM addresses the economy-wide impacts of coastal systems to various types of high-end climatic scenarios (including marine and riverine variables).

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Delivering validated climate services for resilient European Sea on a decadal to multi-decadal horizon is a challenge. RIVIERADE brings together the scientific communities geared into CORDEX and the Copernicus Marine Service and capitalizes on their unique scientific experience to develop and implement a pre-operational and replicable multi-model framework and protocols to produce, downscale, assess and deliver state-of-the-art decadal predictions and multi-decadal projections of climate change and related impacts on marine ecosystems, covering the basin scale and the coastal areas, up to, and including, development and demonstration of climate services. RIVIERADE will target three European Seas (Baltic, Black, Mediterranean), to produce data and information for ocean health, sustainable blue economy, and coastal climate risks, down streaming the data flow from climate ensembles to coastal areas at different spatial resolutions and for selected areas, in a circular process based on users and stakeholders engagement, co-design and assessment of innovative climate services. 

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